waves to estimate how regional population reacts to asymmetric shocks. These shocks are measured by non-employment rates … regions as identifying information. Because we include region and time effects, we interpret regression-adjusted population … measure of regional shocks, at least we find no significant effects for it. However, we find a significant population response …

I present the first database of historical local population figures for all Germany. The German Local Population … Database (GPOP) includes total population in 1871, 1910, 1939, 1946, 1961, 1987, 1996, 2011, and 2019 for the universe of all …. For example, East and West Germany are heavily diverging in population since 1945; and the divide was not reversed but …

development. It affects human capital through both religious and secular education. It affects population and labor by influencing …

In the postwar period, when fertility dropped substantially, immigration more than made up for the drop in population … growth, and from 1950 to 2020, population increased by 73%, double the European rate, in a country with population density … already among the highest in Europe. Yet, there never has been a serious population policy, and in fact, central spatial …

develop a procedure for calculating the aggregate social stress and the Gini coefficient of the merged population. We show … of the merged population. We also analyze the extent to which the procedure, applied to cases where the constituent …