This paper studies various options to support allowance prices in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), such as … adjusting the cap, an auction reserve price, and fixed and variable carbon taxes in addition to EU ETS. We use a dynamic … at the EU Member State level. We find that both a variable carbon tax and an auction reserve price support effective …

obtain more free allowances in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. While ALTs were introduced in order to reduce excess free …. In 2012, ALTs induced 6.4Mt of excess clinker production (5% of total EU output), which corresponds to 5.8Mt of excess CO … increased EU clinker and cement exports, production shifting between plants and also an increase in clinker content of cement …

We explore the impact of an EU-wide nuclear phase-out by 2030 provided the EU energy and climate policy for 2030 is …. Whereas the 2030 EU target for the renewable share in final energy demand is (at least) 27 percent, we find that after a …

physical settlement during the second market phase of the EU ETS. We employ a series of estimation methods that allow for an …