While the COVID-19 pandemic had a large and asymmetric impact on firms, many countries quickly enacted massive business rescue programs which are specifically targeted to smaller firms. Little is known about the effects of such policies on business entry and exit, factor reallocation, and...

Social distancing restrictions and health- and economic-driven demand shifts from COVID-19 are expected to shutter many small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures, but there is very little early evidence on impacts. This paper provides the first analysis of impacts of the pandemic on the...

This study leverages the unique opportunities presented by the digitization of economic activity to investigate the impact of Thailand's 'Half and Half' program-a targeted, digital co-pay fiscal stimulus-on SMEs and consumer spending. Utilizing weekly province-level data from LINE MAN Wongnai, a...