This paper examines the interactions between money, interest rates, goods and commodity prices at a global level. For …, money (defined as a global liquidity aggregate) is still a key factor to determine the long-run homogeneity of commodity …

. -- credibility ; central bank independence ; price stability ; monetary commitment …

time-variant index of central bank independence with government ideology. The results show that leftist governments have … somewhat lower short-term nominal interest rates than rightwing governments when central bank independence is low. In contrast …, short-term nominal interest rates are higher under leftist governments when central bank independence is high. The effect is …