multinationals, are less likely to rely on imported or internally provided services. -- international trade ; services ; off-shoring …

In oligopolistic industries, increased cost saving opportunities via offshoring have a moderating effect on trade … offshoring, and it is only at that level that further economic integration will lead to both wage moderation and offshoring … activities. Therefore, our analysis suggests that rather than provoking a downsizing of the welfare state, offshoring defines an …

offshoring. In this second-best world, a revenue-neutral decrease in the progressivity of the tax schedule promotes higher … redistribution to an increasing share of lower-wage workers. However, as the tax reform involves an increase in the offshoring …

. Such outsourcing leads to increased wages for the remaining inhouse production. We find that stronger unions, which imply … higher domestic wages, reduce incentives for international outsourcing. Though somewhat surprising, this result provides a … theoretical reconciliation of the empirically observed trends of deunionization and increased international outsourcing in many …