no evidence of a euro effect on trade flows among early euro adopters up to the year 2002. Second, this finding is robust … to extending the sample period to incorporate data up to 2013, covering five additional euro accessions. Third, while … there is no robust evidence of a euro effect, there is evidence that intra-EU trade flows have expanded faster than the …

such as Technical Barriers to Trade. Trade integration is generally lower for countries that opted out of the Euro or did …-half of the growth in trade over the period 1999-2003 and are therefore a major driving force of the EU Single Market …

Europe between democratically governed States with market economies. After six countries established the European Community …