This paper provides new evidence on the convergence process of energy, water and food per capita consumption levels for … multivariate sigma and beta-convergence. The results reveal that there is evidence of sigma- absolute beta- and conditional beta-convergence … impact of each variable on the others in the analyzed countries. The speed of convergence is simulated to assess when the …

, their wholesale national gas markets are highly heterogeneous. We study the determinants of cross-country convergence of … pairwise, relative and σ-convergence. We show that there is evidence of pairwise price convergence and that some key … the existence of a convergence process. This result carries over to the notion of σ-convergence and is robust to a number …