price volatility, and compares their forecasting performance to the standard GARCH, fractionally integrated GARCH (FIGARCH …) and the two-state Markov-switching GARCH (MS-GARCH) models via three loss functions (the mean squared error, the mean … criteria and forecast horizons, while MS-GARCH mostly comes out as the least successful model. Applying various VaR backtesting …

heteroscedasticity (GARCH)-type models to forecast oil price volatility over the time periods from January 02, 1875 to December 31, 1895 … outperformed by other models, with long memory GARCH-type models coming out second best. …