This paper discusses the relationship between medical innovations and ageing from a health economics perspective and … surveys empirical evidence on medical R&D incentives, R&D costs of pharmaceuticals, and the cost-effectiveness of health … conceptualization of ageing as an accumulation of health deficits. The paper also discusses the role of medical progress for longevity …

almost as much as that of older people because of inammaging and the self-productivity of health deficits. …In this paper, we develop a life cycle model in which health and longevity are threatened by infectious and chronic … diseases. The model captures that the susceptibility and severity of infectious diseases depend on the accumulated health …

interaction between R&D-driven medical progress and access to health care into account. We use the model to explore potential … futures of human health and longevity. For the baseline policy scenario of health care access, the calibrated model predicts … substantial future increases in health and life expectancy, associated with rising shares of health expenditure in GDP. Freezing …

productivity ; cost-sharing ; entry deregulation ; health insurance ; pharmaceutical innovation …This paper examines the role of both cost-sharing schemes in health insurance systems and entry regulation for … pharmaceutical R&D expenditure, drug prices, aggregate productivity, and income. The analysis suggests that both an increase in the …

socioeconomic disparities in health outcomes. We also explore the individual-specific effects of Long Covid. We develop and … calibrate a health economic model based on principles of the biology of human aging that captures the interaction between … infections and chronic health deficits. Our analysis suggests that neglecting this interaction leads to a gross underestimation …

things equal. Increased participation in higher education enhances productivity progress and is accompanied by rising wage …