Using the MIMIC method, this paper is a first attempt to estimate the size of the shadow economy of 158 countries over … proxy for the size of the economy. Results suggest that the average size of the shadow economy of these 158 countries over …

corruption. On the one hand, if we assume that the goal of criminals involved in corruption is to minimize the probability of … being detected, then corruption represents a demand for money laundering (trigger effect), while money laundering can serve … as an effective way to clean the revenue from corruption for re-investment (multiplier effect). On the other hand …

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption … that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. We … also find that stricter regulations increase both corruption and the shadow economy. …

The relationship between corruption and the shadow economy is not clear. Theoretically, they either substitute or … with two latent variables - extracts information on various dimensions of corruption and the shadow economy to contribute … and corruption. The results show that the shadow economy influences corruption more than corruption influences the shadow …

This paper analyses how governance or institutional quality and tax morale affect the shadow economy, using an … factors to understand the level and changes of shadow economy. However, the limited number of investigations use cross … support that its increase leads to a smaller shadow economy. Moreover, an increase in tax morale reduces the size of the …

This paper analyses how tax morale and countries' institutional quality affect the shadow economy, controlling in a … factors to understand the size and development of the shadow economy. Relatively new data sources that have become available … support for the assertion that a higher tax morale and a higher institutional quality lead to a smaller shadow economy …

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between corruption and the emigration of those with high, medium … and low levels of educational attainment. The empirical results indicate that as corruption increases the emigration rate … levels of educational attainment, however, increases at initial levels of corruption and then decreases beyond a certain …