This paper describes the privatization program in Italy during the 1990s and puts that policy in the context of … macroeconomic adjustment, general market deregulation, and promotion of private investment in the provision of public infrastructure … attempts at privatization of the 1980s, delaying until 1992 the start of largescale privatizations. These were imposed on …

often been reduced in traditional public-sector industries, where private provision has increased with deregulation and …

Although policymakers often discuss tradeoffs between bank competition and stability, past research provides differing … theoretical perspectives and empirical results on the impact of competition on risk. In this paper, we employ a new approach for … competition materially boosts bank risk. With respect to the mechanisms, we find that competition reduces bank profits, charter …

setting, we study the trade and welfare implications of labor market deregulation and compare these implications with the … consequences of product market deregulation. Thereby, we take into account that labor market reforms are subject to national policy … decisions and thus associated with unilateral intervention, while product market deregulation is determined at an international …

business cycle conditions at the time of deregulation significantly affect adjustment. A reduction of firing costs entails …

Product and labor market deregulation are fundamentally about reducing and redistributing rents, leading economic … players to adjust in turn to this new distribution. Thus, even if deregulation eventually proves beneficial, it comes with … central assumptions: Monopolistic competition in the goods market, which determines the size of rents; and bargaining in the …

among top 20 largest cities by population. We estimate the cost savings from privatization and explore the political economy … of why privatization rates are lower in high cost unionized areas. Our analysis finds that the full privatizaton could …