computable general equilibrium trade model calibrated with the latest version of the GTAP database to simulate the effect of … doubling non-tariff barriers - both unilateral and reciprocal - between the two blocks on trade and welfare. Imposing trade … to cooperate rather than turning away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could …

We re-visit the evidence about the trade benefits of European Monetary Union (EMU), focusing on the experience of … no evidence of a euro effect on trade flows among early euro adopters up to the year 2002. Second, this finding is robust … there is no robust evidence of a euro effect, there is evidence that intra-EU trade flows have expanded faster than the …

This paper analyses the effect of international borders and of trade agreements at international borders on subnational … 1950 and 2017. Our results show that international borders decrease regional income per capita, while trade agreements at … international borders increase regional income per capita by about the same magnitude. The positive marginal effect of trade …

The European Union and Japan have recently launched negotiations about a bilateral free trade agreement as means of … economic stimulation, with trade as a driving force to create growth and wealth. Since customs duties are already low, the … to shed light on two possible liberalization scenarios, a less ambitious and a comprehensive trade liberalization. In …

This paper studies the evolution of trade freeness and of the agglomeration of production, as well as their … of previous aggregate analyses which find that an inverse relationship between trade costs and agglomeration holds in … different bootstrap distributions. -- trade freeness ; agglomeration of production ; home market effect ; bootstrap …

,318 regions. The model suggests that an increase of trade barriers to the level of 1957 reduces welfare by about 1-2 percent on … average, depending on the presumed trade elasticity. However, remote regions may face initial welfare losses of up to 4 … of trade barriers in Europe has led to a more homogeneous spatial distribution of economic activity. With regard to the …