I investigate empirically the role of religion and political institutions in policies against human trafficking, using … influence of religion on the overall 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index is driven by protection and prevention policies. As … empirical findings regarding the association between religion, political institutions, and human development. …

, there has been little study of the determinants of economic freedom. We investigate whether religion affects economic …

Using the MIMIC method, this paper is a first attempt to estimate the size of the shadow economy of 158 countries over … proxy for the size of the economy. Results suggest that the average size of the shadow economy of these 158 countries over …

corruption. On the one hand, if we assume that the goal of criminals involved in corruption is to minimize the probability of … being detected, then corruption represents a demand for money laundering (trigger effect), while money laundering can serve … as an effective way to clean the revenue from corruption for re-investment (multiplier effect). On the other hand …

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption … that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. We … also find that stricter regulations increase both corruption and the shadow economy. …

findings, a growing shadow economy has a negative effect on official GDP growth, and a positive impact of corruption on the … criticized, estimates of the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD-countries are presented. The … average size of a shadow economy varies from 12 percent of GDP for OECD, to 23 percent for transition and to 39 percent for …