Although mental disorders are common among children, we know little about their long term effects on child outcomes …. This paper examines U.S. and Canadian children with symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), depression … representative samples of children from both countries. Second, we focus on "screeners" that were administered to all children in our …

children with lower initial family incomes vs. children with higher initial family incomes. However, offsetting this effect …, our findings also suggest that as children grow up, changes in family income ranking over time are related to children …