children and use this tool to show that children from high socioeconomic status (SES) families are more accurate in their self …-assessment, compared to children from low SES families. To move beyond correlational evidence, we then exploit the exogenous variation of … participation in a mentoring program designed to enrich the social environment of children. We document that the mentoring program …

' prosocial attitudes are systematically related to elementary school children's prosociality. In a second step, we present … evidence on a randomly-assigned variation of the social environment, providing children with a mentor for the duration of one … gap in prosociality between low and high SES children. A mediation analysis of the observed treatment effect suggests that …

children. As our main result, we provide causal evidence on the effect of the social environment by randomly enrolling children … in a year-long mentoring programme. We find that, about four years after the end of the programme, mentored children are …

Inequality of opportunity strikes when two children with the same academic performance are sent to different quality … children are significantly less likely to enter the academic track if they come from low socio-economic status (SES) families …-intensity mentoring program can improve long-run education outcomes of low SES children and reduce inequality of opportunity. Low SES …