supply of labor encourages technological progress. In contrast, the famous Habakkuk hypothesis in economic history claims …This paper studies the conditions under which the scarcity of a factor (in particular, labor) encourages technological … that technological progress was more rapid in 19th-century United States than in Britain because of labor scarcity in the …

Even before the Great Recession, U.S. employment growth was unimpressive. Between 2000 and 2007, the economy gave back … the considerable employment gains achieved during the 1990s, with a historic contraction in manufacturing employment being … force behind both recent reductions in U.S. manufacturing employment and-through input-output linkages and other general …

Slavery has been a major institution of labor coercion throughout history. Colonial societies used slavery intensively … major source of demand for slave labor during colonial times, and all colonial gold mines are now depleted. We find that the …

How do financial development and financial integration interact? We focus on Japan's Great Recession after 1990 to … reference to prefectures' different historical pathways to financial development. After Japan's opening to trade in the 19th …, the main export hub for silk, provided silk reelers with trade loans. Many regional banks in Japan were founded as local …

We investigate the fiscal impacts of earthquakes in Japan. In contrast with earlier papers from elsewhere which examine …

This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the new EU-Japan free trade agreement (FTA), the biggest bilateral deal … that both the EU and Japan have concluded so far. It employs a generalized variant of the Eaton-Kortum (2002) model … reductions in the costs of NTBs. This approach yields long-run welfare effects for Japan of about 18 bn. USD per year (0.31% of …

the two World Wars. This paper focuses on Japan, which as a minor participant, was not directly affected by World War I … interventions (NPIs) in determining the economic impact of the pandemic. We do so by focusing on the production and employment in … Japan was at the time). We investigate the role of NPIs in ameliorating the economic costs for the sector during the …