It is well documented that retail prices in Japan are higher than in other countries for similar products. The two main …) relatively high distribution costs associated with getting goods to the point of final sale in Japan. The first of these … explanations implies that foreign exporters should charge higher prices on shipments to Japan than elsewhere, provided at least …

This paper uses bilateral automobile export unit values from the United States, Germany and Japan to measure the …

the U.S. from Germany and Japan is similar to price adjustment observed on shipments to other destinations. Most variation …