We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our … aim is to assess whether "old" and "new" EU countries are rated differently and to determine whether "new" ones are … intercepts) are a crucial determinant of ratings. Whilst "new" EU countries typically have lower ratings than "old" ones, after …

In the course of the EU enlargement process, the participation of accession countries in the European Monetary Union …

favor of remaining in the EU. Somewhat surprisingly, the intensity of immigration from the EU is positively correlated with …

within the EU and how this changed between 1980 and 2008. We present several novel empirical regularities that paint a … heterogeneity within member states themselves, or in well functioning federations such as the US, cultural diversity across EU …

results suggest that the ominous news about the Russian attack increased the participants' interest in EU politics …, consolidated their attachment to the EU, and made them more mindful and appreciative of the benefits of deeper European integration …. In effect, the war so close to the EU Eastern border provoked a rally around the supranational EU flag, with convergence …

early 2000's both in "oldʺ and "newʺ EU member states. We estimate effects of labour market institutions on various …, statistical tests indicate that there is a difference in the institutional effects between oldʺ and newʺ EU members. -- Labour …

the EU's total population; and even though their economic output is much lower, it rises dynamically. New members' impact … on the EU policies has nevertheless been limited. This is due not only to the arcane voting rules within the EU, but also … vote together and that their influence is thus fairly limited. We argue that as the EU seemingly lacks energy to implement …