This paper discusses the relationship between medical innovations and ageing from a health economics perspective and … surveys empirical evidence on medical R&D incentives, R&D costs of pharmaceuticals, and the cost-effectiveness of health … conceptualization of ageing as an accumulation of health deficits. The paper also discusses the role of medical progress for longevity …

This paper outlines changes that have been made in the 2019 version of the Health Equity and Financial Protection … refinements to the estimation of out-of-pocket expenditures. On the health equity side, the 2019 database includes 198 more data …

almost as much as that of older people because of inammaging and the self-productivity of health deficits. …In this paper, we develop a life cycle model in which health and longevity are threatened by infectious and chronic … diseases. The model captures that the susceptibility and severity of infectious diseases depend on the accumulated health …

substantial positive spillovers. Our findings demonstrate the great potential of incentives for improving public health and provide …

Economists use micro-based and macro-based approaches to assess the macroeconomic return to population health. The … the macroeconomic return to health. We reconcile the two approaches by controlling for the indirect effects of health … of health. Our results show that the macroeconomic return to health lies in the range of plausible microeconomic …

interaction between R&D-driven medical progress and access to health care into account. We use the model to explore potential … futures of human health and longevity. For the baseline policy scenario of health care access, the calibrated model predicts … substantial future increases in health and life expectancy, associated with rising shares of health expenditure in GDP. Freezing …

The Three-Gap Model examines the determinants of low-quality health care by examining the patterns and determinants of … perform-this paper defines three gaps for each health worker: the gap between target performance and what they have the … across health workers in a sample can be used to diagnose failures in the system as well as evaluate the outcomes of policy …

Decisions on public health measures to contain a pandemic are often based on parameters such as expected disease burden …, social distancing, and restrictions on economic activity. These factors indirectly influence health outcomes in the short … well as the distribution of health risks. …