We analyse the local effect of exogenous shocks to the value of mineral deposits at the district level in Indonesia … heterogeneity in natural resource extraction methods. We find that in areas where mineral extraction is relatively capital …-intensive, mining booms cause virtually no upward pressure on manufacturing earnings per worker, and both producers of traded and local …

. We study whether and where mining is possible in such countries without raising the risk of civil conflict. We proceed in … (planned and unplanned) mining projects in Sierra Leone. A crucial insight is that new mining projects do not necessarily …

We combine original geo-referenced data on mining extraction of 15 minerals with information on conflict events at … positive impact of mining on conict at the local level. Quantitatively, the historical rise in prices (commodity super …-cycle) explains 15-25 percent of average country-level violence in Africa. We then document how the appropriation of a mining area by …

government if they can renege on the contract with the mining company, and hence government turnover is larger in this case …. Incentive-compatible license fees paid by private companies and mining investment are lower in unstable countries, and increase … government can commit before mining licenses are auctioned, it will invest more in weapons under private extraction than under …