. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of …

a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size and in their capacities for …We study the incentives that governments have to protect intellectual property in a trading world economy. We consider … innovation. We associate the strength of IPR protection with the duration of a country's patents that are applied with national …

strong, positive impact of policy and globalization on cross-border patent flows, especially from North to South. A … counterfactual welfare analysis suggests that the increase in patent flows from North to South has benefited both regions, with South … gaining more than North post-2000, thus lowering real income inequality in the world. …

This paper provides a first comprehensive quantitative analysis of optimal patent policy in the global economy. We … application delivers three main results. First, the potential gains from international cooperation over patent policies are large …. Second, only a small share of these gains has been realized so far. And third, the WTO's TRIPS agreement has been …