Why do cities differ so much in productivity? We document that most of the measured dispersion in productivity across … US cities is spurious and reflects granularity bias: idiosyncratic heterogeneity in plant-level productivity and size …

establishment entry and exit drive immigrant-induced job creation and a rightward shift of the productivity distribution in U ….S. local industries. High-productivity establishments are more likely to enter and less likely to exit in high immigration … environments, whereas low-productivity establishments are more likely to exit. These dynamics result in productivity growth. A …