operational definition of opportunity versus necessity entrepreneurship using readily available nationally representative data. We …A common finding in the entrepreneurship literature is that business creation increases in recessions. This counter …-cyclical pattern is examined by separating business creation into two components: "opportunity" and "necessity" entrepreneurship …

Why do entrepreneurship rates differ so markedly by gender? Using data from a large, representative German household …-up decision and can explain the gender gap in entrepreneurship. Applying a decomposition analysis, we observe that the higher risk …

hypotheses, we use household survey panel data for Germany eliciting the personal wealth composition in detail in 2002, 2007, and … into entrepreneurship, we use changes in entry regulation into skilled trades. Estimation results are consistent with the …

entrepreneurship empirically by means of investments made by active owners of closely held firms. Using detailed Swedish tax data, we …