international finance is "what is insurance and where does insurance end?" This paper aims to elaborate on the economics of … insurance and its borders with general finance. It argues that the classification challenge by regulators partly stems from … terminological confusion between insurance activities and more general financial activities. Insurance and finance both use the same …

This paper introduces finance or credit in the Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman (DSK) model of international trade. It identifies … mechanisms by which finance can affect the main results of the conventional model. The key results are as follows. Perfect credit … output per variety. Thus, availability of finance will determine a specific trade pattern between richer and poorer nations …

We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of the links between the gender of an entrepreneur, access to finance … medium enterprises, possibly, because in large firms borrowing is a less essential source of finance. An important policy …