inflation targeter early in this period but began to pay less attention to inflation after 2009. Loss of the strong nominal …

Singapore as a case study, it explores the Monetary Authority's adoption of the exchange rate as the primary tool since 1981 … function aligns well with actual deviations, supporting the hypothesis that Singapore's forward-looking policy rule effectively … responds to inflation and output volatility, especially during economic crises. This framework offers a promising alternative …

. inflation anchoring properties. This layout is then confronted with the policy framework in use in the euro area prior to the … dis-anchoring of long-term inflation expectations experienced in the euro area since 2013, however, suggests that the … policy framework could benefit from a rebalancing towards a formulation with stronger anchoring properties. The inflation aim …

negatively correlated with inflation and inflation variance across countries. But the cross-country approach has been criticised … economy, higher output and somewhat lower inflation. We also investigate the interaction between the central bank and the …