matter of course that economics should become a natural science. Such a characterization misses an essential aspect of a …

economics and reality. More precisely, it asks how reality in the form empirical evidence does or does not influence economic … thinking and theory. In particular, which role do calibration, statistical inference, and structural change play? What is the … from general to specific. For the general perspective, I examine the following four points of view. First, economics is a …

data ; economics profession …