In this paper, sound public finances under the euro means sustainability in the long term instead of short- and medium …-term fiscal discipline. The challenges to sustainability are identified for the four largest euro area member states, and several … resort for a euro area government under liquidity shortage to prevent it from developing into a general financial crisis …

This paper studies the reaction of the mean and volatility of the euro-dollar exchange rate to statements of ECB … officials during the first years of EMU. We focus on statements on monetary policy and the (potential) strength of the euro. We …. In some cases there are effects of statements on the level of the euro-dollar rate. Efforts to talk up the euro have not …

euro area, including the most recent developments during the coronavirus crisis. Several financial transmission channels … of euro area central banks are identified. It is found that differing fiscal policy stances which have interacted … the euro area. Since the European financial and debt crisis, public financing mechanisms and the unconventional monetary …

global economy. Germany protests that it did all it could to save the euro and is doing all it can to contribute to European … economic health. Indeed, by 2017, the euro had survived. But, it survived at the expense of the societies and the economies of …

balances, the common monetary policy may not be optimal for all of them. Euro area imbalances for potential output and for …

bond markets and improved economic sentiment, as reflected in higher equity prices. In contrast, passive euro liquidity … provision and even active measures (policy rate reductions and bond market interventions) delivered modest results. Although …. Overall, the results point to the ECB's limits in helping improve financial market's sentiment. …

The euro has had a difficult second decade but the project has still had some important successes. The common currency … is popular among the euro area's citizens, intra-European exchange rate instability has been removed and the ECB has … successfully achieved its primary goal of price stability. The single currency's popularity has made the euro more resilient than …

The conflicting standpoints on reforming the euro are creating more controversies than practical results. Mistrust …, reforming the euro successfully calls for a convincing high-level commitment to preserve the euro also in unexpected …