Does "infant industry" preferential access durably boost export performance? This paper exploits significant trade … causal impact of these changes, we use a triple-differences regression and 26 years of newly constructed trade and tariff … countries. The illusion of sustained African apparel exports is created by late-bloomers in East Africa offsetting boom …

provides background on the persistent and significant market gaps for trade finance in developing countries, notably in Africa …While conditions in trade finance markets returned to normality in the main routes of trade, the structural … difficulties of poor countries in accessing trade finance have not disappeared - and might have been worsened during and after the …