entry strategies. The four main groups of entry strategies are independency entrepreneurship, opportunity entrepreneurship …, spin-out entrepreneurship and necessity entrepreneurship. The results indicate that firms conducting R&D continuously start … new market opportunities as well as spin-out entrepreneurship exhibit a higher initial size while start-ups established …

-- Start-ups ; performance ; gender ; female entrepreneurship …

for setting up the new business. These firms are denoted corporate spinoffs. Using data from German start-ups founded in …

accessible to the public). The MUP is based on the firm data pool of Creditreform e.V., which is the largest credit rating agency …