councils as well as local union agencies. The paper marks a clear shift away from the traditional focus on union membership per …

Using the 2019 ECS, we investigate the relationship between union organization, workplace representation, industrial … union density is higher and where workers are covered by mixed-level collective agreements. Distrust and strained workplace …-win outcomes, where the default is unresolved outcomes. Higher union density is associated with worker wins, collective bargaining …

is smaller where workplace representation is via works councils than union bodies, a finding that also obtains across …