. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of …

a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size and in their capacities for …We study the incentives that governments have to protect intellectual property in a trading world economy. We consider … innovation. We associate the strength of IPR protection with the duration of a country's patents that are applied with national …

strong, positive impact of policy and globalization on cross-border patent flows, especially from North to South. A … counterfactual welfare analysis suggests that the increase in patent flows from North to South has benefited both regions, with South … gaining more than North post-2000, thus lowering real income inequality in the world. …

This paper provides a first comprehensive quantitative analysis of optimal patent policy in the global economy. We … application delivers three main results. First, the potential gains from international cooperation over patent policies are large …. Second, only a small share of these gains has been realized so far. And third, the WTO's TRIPS agreement has been …

.S. "exhausts" all rights of the patentee to that item under the Patent Act. This decision goes against the Government's position … that a foreign sale authorized by the U.S. patentee should exhaust U.S. patent rights by default unless the patentee … subjects the firms that source in the South and sell in the North to the risk of a patent infringement lawsuit but allows the …

own innovation. The analysis predicts that the willingness to enforce IPR is U-shaped in a country GDP: small … enforcement of IPR yields a higher level of innovation and global welfare only if the developing country does not innovate. A …

This paper analyzes the optimal protection strategy for an innovator of a complex innovation who faces the risk of … imitation by a competitor. We suppose that the innovation can be continuously fragmented into sub-innovations. We characterize … the optimal mix of patent and trade secrets when the innovator faces a strict novelty requirement and can only patent a …

We investigate how international patent activity enables firms from emerging economies to thrive in the global … marketplace. We match Chinese customs data to US patent records, and leverage the quasi-random assignment of USPTO patent … examiners to identify the causal effect of a US patent grant on the subsequent export performance of Chinese firms. Successful …

This paper develops a model of patent trolls to understand various litigation strategies employed by nonpracticing …

This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …