Collischon, Matthias; Cygan-Rehm, Kamila; Riphahn, Regina T. - 2018
substitution and complementarity relationships between subsidized and non-subsidized labor demand. We apply an instrumental … establishments (0-9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40 percent …. For these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non …