The unbundling of trade across regions offers unique opportunities for SMEs to integrate into global trade notably … factoring has a positive effect in allowing SMEs to access international trade, in countries in which it is available. Factoring …

Developments in trade finance in 2020 were largely driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Twelve years after … the great financial crisis of 2008-09, the issue of trade finance re-emerged as a matter of urgency. While the current … difficulties in accessing trade credit. This is occurring notably in countries – particularly developing countries – in which …

This paper surveys a wide body of economic literature on the relationship between currencies and trade. Specifically …, two main issues are investigated: the impact on international trade of exchange rate volatility and of currency … misalignments. On average, exchange rate volatility has a negative (even if not large) impact on trade flows. The extent of this …

In this paper we integrate the costs of trade finance in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to evaluate the … trade and output effects of counterfactual policy experiments on costs of and access to trade finance. The costs of … financing international trade consist of two components: the financial costs and the costs associated with the risk of goods not …

While conditions in trade finance markets returned to normality in the main routes of trade, the structural … difficulties of poor countries in accessing trade finance have not disappeared - and might have been worsened during and after the … global financial crisis. In fact, there is a consistent flow of information indicating that trade finance markets have …

Trade finance, particularly in the form of short-term letters of credit has received favourable capital treatment new … created leverage ratio for trade. This paper offers a relatively simple model approach showing the conditions under which the … ratio on trade instruments seems to support the analytical framework developed in this paper. …

Trade finance shortfalls now appear regularly. Does this matter for trade expansion and economic development in … developing countries? Global trade finance has resumed following the 2009 global financial crisis. However, the pattern of … recovery has been uneven across countries and categories of firms. The recovery has been robust for the main routes of trade …

integrate in world trade. The paper uses a combination of techniques, from an analysis of disaggregated trade flows by country … and sectors, to the calculation of trade intensity indices by country and sector, and value-added trade by sector. It … finds combined evidence of forward and backward trade increasing between several neighbouring Asian economies and China, in …

Since the recovery from the great financial crisis in 2010, global real trade flows grew much slower than pre …) A debate has arisen as to whether this global trade slowdown, and related falling trade-to-income elasticity, was … the prominent role of aggregate demand, notably when weighted by its trade component. Our paper goes in this latter …