firms that are consistent with stylized facts from the recent empirical literature. -- multinational firms ; outsourcing … ; intra-firm trade ; offshoring ; vertical FDI …

Expanding on a general equilibrium model of offshoring, we analyze the effects of a unilateral emissions tax increase … effect: While the emissions intensity of incumbent non-offshoring firms declines, the cleanest firms start offshoring …. Moreover, offshoring firms become dirtier, induced by a reduction in the foreign effective emissions tax in general equilibrium …

multiple complementary inputs and the entry of a supplier into the final good market gives rise to mutual outsourcing of inputs … between the encroaching supplier and the incumbent. We show that, post encroachment, mutual outsourcing between the competing … mutual outsourcing. Our analysis yields novel managerial, empirical and policy implications. …

organizational decision is driven by two countervailing effects: the ownership rights effect favors outsourcing, while the "indirect … outsourcing of the "less important" supplier is chosen in equilibrium. We also consider an open economy setup where the producer … decides whether to offshore inputs. -- multinational firms ; outsourcing ; intra-firm trade ; property rights approach …