children with lower initial family incomes vs. children with higher initial family incomes. However, offsetting this effect …, our findings also suggest that as children grow up, changes in family income ranking over time are related to children …

children and use this tool to show that children from high socioeconomic status (SES) families are more accurate in their self …-assessment, compared to children from low SES families. To move beyond correlational evidence, we then exploit the exogenous variation of … participation in a mentoring program designed to enrich the social environment of children. We document that the mentoring program …

data set. In particular, this alternative estimator allows us to exploit the information on children with no siblings in …

fetal growth rate is negatively associated with disruptive behaviors among male children. These results suggest that …

' prosocial attitudes are systematically related to elementary school children's prosociality. In a second step, we present … evidence on a randomly-assigned variation of the social environment, providing children with a mentor for the duration of one … gap in prosociality between low and high SES children. A mediation analysis of the observed treatment effect suggests that …

children. As our main result, we provide causal evidence on the effect of the social environment by randomly enrolling children … in a year-long mentoring programme. We find that, about four years after the end of the programme, mentored children are …

Inequality of opportunity strikes when two children with the same academic performance are sent to different quality … children are significantly less likely to enter the academic track if they come from low socio-economic status (SES) families …-intensity mentoring program can improve long-run education outcomes of low SES children and reduce inequality of opportunity. Low SES …