children with lower initial family incomes vs. children with higher initial family incomes. However, offsetting this effect …, our findings also suggest that as children grow up, changes in family income ranking over time are related to children …

data set. In particular, this alternative estimator allows us to exploit the information on children with no siblings in …

fetal growth rate is negatively associated with disruptive behaviors among male children. These results suggest that …

environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

a regression discontinuity design, we document how a third grade retention policy affects both the target children and … their younger siblings. The policy improves test scores of both children while the spillover is up to 30% of the target … child effect size. The effects are particularly pronounced in families where one of the children is disabled, for boys, and …

show that a policy targeting additional health resources for the young children of adults diagnosed with mental health …