what condition an interest group prefers to direct its lobbying efforts to two parties or the two coalition and opposition … discipline. The lobbying efforts under un-enforced and enforced party discipline are also compared. Finally, we clarify the … parties ; ideological predispositions ; electoral power ; post-elections lobbying ; enforced party discipline …

The compromise enhancing effect of lobbying on public policy has been established in two typical settings. In the first … demonstrate that in the latter setting, the compromising effect of lobbying need not exist. Our reduced-form, two-stage public …) desires to suckle thereby threatening the public well being more than the lobbying interest groups. The main result specifies …

lobbying activities. …