supply on automation innovation by exploiting an immigrant placement policy in Germany during the 1990s and 2000s. Difference …-in-differences estimates indicate that one additional worker per 1,000 manual and unskilled workers reduces automation innovation by 0 …-skilled workers. Labor market tightness and external demand are plausible mechanisms for the labor-innovation nexus. …

is associated with national innovation towards war logistics such as food processing, but less towards war technology …We provide quantitative evidence on the relationship between military spending and innovation in the 19th century …. Combining innovation data from world fairs and historical military data across Europe, we show that national military spending …

may be positive or negative, depending on foreign countries' trade position. -- innovation ; financial development ; R …

increase mirroring the social cost of carbon. We find that the induced clean innovation response primarily comes from existing …

phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. I show that the protocol increased science and innovation on alternatives to ozone … readily available. I reconcile theory and empirics by discussing the role of induced innovation in models of environmental …