strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … innovation for a particular technology class to build on, then that technology class innovates more. … linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its …

quantify the importance of Ricardian technology differences for international trade. The framework provides the first panel … estimates connecting country-industry productivity and exports, and the study exploits heterogeneous technology diffusion from …

may be positive or negative, depending on foreign countries' trade position. -- innovation ; financial development ; R …