harmful for innovation and if so, whether compulsory licensing can provide an effective remedy. The consent decree settled an … to license all its existing patents royalty-free. The compulsory licensing increased follow-on innovation building on … Bell patents by 17%. This effect is driven mainly by young and small companies. Yet, innovation increased only outside the …

contributes to innovation in source countries. We use changes in the labour mobility legislation within Europe as exogenous … driven by knowledge flows that are triggered by emigrants. While skilled migrants are not inventing in their home country … anymore, they contribute to cross-border knowledge and technology diffusion and thus help less advanced countries to catch up …