We consider dynamic competition among platforms in a market with network externalities. A platform that dominated the … the focal platform whenever such equilibrium exists. Yet when faced with higher-quality competition, can a low …

We propose an analysis of platform competition based on the academic literature with a view towards competition policy …. First, we discuss to which extent competition can emerge in digital markets and show which forms it can take. In particular … competition in platform markets. Second, we analyse competition policy issues and discuss how rules designed for standard markets …

to competition between ISPs and to competition between contents. We also show that when (competitive) content providers …

second part discusses the nature of competition between intermediaries, addressing issues as competitive crosssubsidies …