early 2000's both in "oldʺ and "newʺ EU member states. We estimate effects of labour market institutions on various …, statistical tests indicate that there is a difference in the institutional effects between oldʺ and newʺ EU members. -- Labour …

the EU's total population; and even though their economic output is much lower, it rises dynamically. New members' impact … on the EU policies has nevertheless been limited. This is due not only to the arcane voting rules within the EU, but also … vote together and that their influence is thus fairly limited. We argue that as the EU seemingly lacks energy to implement …

We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our … aim is to assess whether "old" and "new" EU countries are rated differently and to determine whether "new" ones are … intercepts) are a crucial determinant of ratings. Whilst "new" EU countries typically have lower ratings than "old" ones, after …

both the host and the source countries. It models the host country stylistically as a core EU welfare state, with tax … financed benefits and migration policies, and the migration source country as an accession country (following the EU … voter.The paper models the host country stylistically as a member of the core of an economic union (i.e., a core EU welfare …

income shock in the EU, compared to 32 per cent in the US. In the case of an unemployment shock 48 per cent of the shock are … absorbed in the EU, compared to 34 per cent in the US. This cushioning of disposable income leads to a demand stabilization of … 26 to 35 per cent in the EU and 19 per cent in the US. There is large heterogeneity within the EU. Automatic stabilizers …