We study how policies limiting the spending capacity of local governments may reduce corruption. We exploit the … both recorded corruption rates and corruption charges per euro spent. This effect emerges only in areas in which the DSP … put a binding cap on municipal capital expenditures. The reduction in corruption is linked to accountability incentives as …

of corruption in a nation after joining the Union has not been formally studied. Any nation that joins the European Union … potentially faces two different and opposite effects on corruption. On the one hand, there are reasons to believe that corruption … is going to decrease because of the efforts of the EU to fight corruption or because of the opening of the markets to …

China during 2020. We find that a country's own Covid-19 deaths and lockdowns significantly reduced its imports from China …-19 deaths in the main trading partners of a country (excluding China) induces more imports from China, partially … are evaluated at their 2020 mean is, on average, a reduction of nearly 10% in imports from China. There is also …