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Preparations are underway to revise national accounting to implement actuarial recording of pension liabilities for corporations and government as an employer. This paper extends this to unfunded public pensions with the help of "implicit tax" in pension contributions. The clearest advantages of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011449487
This paper analyzes pension reforms in Europe and their determinants. As pension reforms are intrinsically difficult to define and pinpoint, we introduce an alternative measure of pension reforms by comparing long-term forecasts of pension expenditures for seventeen European countries. The...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003813619
Not sufficiently harmonised national pension systems within the European Union distort the allocation of labour and endanger redistributive activities. This paper identifies the most decentralised level of harmonisation which guarantees efficient allocation and enables redistribution. For this,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011404310
We analyze the similarities and the differences in the fragility of the European Monetary system (EMS) and the Eurozone … foreign exchange markets while in the Eurozone it was the absence of a lender of last resort in the long-term government bond … Eurozone the roles were reversed. The national central banks that became part of the Eurosystem were strengthened. This came at …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010210104
We derive four sets of counterfactual national interest rate paths for the 17 Euro Area countries for the time period 1999 to 2012. They approximate desirable national interest rates countries would have liked to implement if they could still conduct independent monetary policy. We find that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009724004
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This paper proposes a new method of forecasting euro area quarterly real GDP that uses area-wide indicators, which are derived by optimally pooling the information contained in national indicator series. Following the ideas of predictive modeling, we construct the area-wide indicators by...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003749431