useful ideal type that describes many of the states that have ever existed. The study of proprietary rule and its public … finance, however, is comparatively scarce. I argue that proprietary rule emerges out of anarchy and its main alternative … inefficient because all the savings that come out of the public provision of security are dissipated into contests for power among …

international finance is "what is insurance and where does insurance end?" This paper aims to elaborate on the economics of … insurance and its borders with general finance. It argues that the classification challenge by regulators partly stems from … terminological confusion between insurance activities and more general financial activities. Insurance and finance both use the same …

) Constitutional or statutory fiscal limitations have in most cases proved to be effective in cutting down public expenditure, revenue … fiscal sustainability. (iii) Citizens demand fewer public services and a sounder fiscal policy in systems with direct … a smaller size of the government. There are also political institutions which have an impact on the public budg-ets, and …

We study the impact of a one-off exogenous fiscal windfall on local public finances in the canton of Zurich in … positions. We show that it triggered large expenditure increases targeting particular groups (e.g., salaries of public employees …