Language is a strong and robust determinant of international trade patterns: Countries sharing a common language trade … that this trade-promoting effect of language is likely to reflect cultural ties, rather than lower costs of communication … local dialect between regions have a sizable and significant positive impact on intra-national trade. We interpret this …

liberalization are weaker under buyer power than under seller power. -- buyer power ; retailing ; international trade …This paper investigates the implications for international markets of the existence of retailers/wholesalers with … market power. Two main results are shown. First, in the presence of buyer power trade liberalization may lead to retail …

vindicating the position that the legal system had a marginal role in mitigating agency problems in long-distance trade in this … historical era.** Edwards and Ogilvie constantly present legal actions in non-trade related legal cases as evidence for a … reliance on the legal system for matters pertaining to long-distance trade. Their criticism of Greif's documentary analysis …