We study the impact of the Belgium lockdown on retail prices using a unique dataset tracking daily prices and …, retailers, products, and over time. We show that LP chains reacted the most to the lockdown with spatial heterogeneity. The …

competition. In this paper we provide the first empirical analysis of this relationship. We study Germany’s retail gasoline market … outcomes linked to competition. Because station-level adoption is endogenous, we use brand headquarter-level adoption decisions … increase by 28% in markets where both do. These results suggest that AI adoption has a significant effect on competition. …

We study how the introduction of private-label brands (PLs) affects retailers' prices, demand, and profits, explicitly …

extent of competition from substitute products. I estimate that, in 2019, public corporations produced consumer surplus in …

exerts the second-largest price effect, followed by Store Competition Within Local Markets. Moreover, retailers operating … competition environments affect product prices. Using big data, we find that price variations are caused mainly by differential … competitive environments. More specifically, we find that Brand Competition Within Stores exerts the largest downward pressure on …

that competition drives prices up and reduces total surplus. …

evidence suggests that wholesalers and retailers play an active role in international trade. We present a model of retailers … that retailers compete over the marginal consumer (the extensive margin). …

greater retail competition. These effects mitigate distortions from fee discrimination and improve welfare. In terms of policy …