violates IPR cannot legally export in a country that enforces them. Moreover free-riders cannot prevent others to copy their …

depth of trade agreements matters for the export performance of firms. Moving from shallow to deep trade agreements boosts …This paper studies the effect of regional trade agreements on firms' exports. Using detailed information on the content … of trade agreements and firm-level exports for 31 developing countries between 2000 and 2020, the analysis shows that the …

While conditions in trade finance markets returned to normality in the main routes of trade, the structural … difficulties of poor countries in accessing trade finance have not disappeared - and might have been worsened during and after the … global financial crisis. In fact, there is a consistent flow of information indicating that trade finance markets have …

firm will export or import. Foreign ownership has a large positive impact on the likelihood to engage in direct trade but a … ownership and access to external finance affect the likelihood of manufacturers in emerging markets to export and/or import … negative effect on the likelihood to trade through intermediaries; the effects vary across upper and lower middle income …

exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any product … does not prove) the existence of counter-cyclical, hidden protectionism due to non-tariff barriers to trade in the United …

-Eisenlohr (forthcoming), this allows firms in international trade to optimally trade-off differences in financing costs and enforcement …

economic development of countries experiencing civil war. Civil war may also contribute to creative destructions of traditional …