vindicating the position that the legal system had a marginal role in mitigating agency problems in long-distance trade in this … historical era.** Edwards and Ogilvie constantly present legal actions in non-trade related legal cases as evidence for a … reliance on the legal system for matters pertaining to long-distance trade. Their criticism of Greif's documentary analysis …

What has driven trade booms and trade busts in the past and present? We derive a micro-founded measure of trade … frictions from leading trade theories and use it to gauge the importance of bilateral trade costs in determining international … trade flows. We construct a new balanced sample of bilateral trade flows for 130 country pairs across the Americas, Asia …

We propose a normative assessment of the value of international trade that is rooted in production theory and embeds … Ricardo's 1817 formulation of the gains from trade into a multi-factor general equilibrium framework. Without imposing strong … the magnitude and the sources of the gains from trade. A high quality data set on product and task-specific factor …

-rediscovered Roman and canon law; students with legal training served in positions that reduced the uncertainty of trade in the Middle …