. -- beauty ; elections ; political candidates ; appearance ; ideology ; parties …

. The policy positions taken can often be determined by ideology. We examine economic policy positions by investigating …

designs, the measurement of government ideology and why the empirical studies do not and cannot derive causal effects … politics have not disappeared since the 1990s, but have certainly become less pronounced. In particular, government ideology …

This paper describes the role of government ideology on economic policy-making in the United States. I consider studies …, measurement of government ideology and empirical strategies to identify causal effects. Many studies conclude that parties do …, but these studies using data for the national level do not derive causal effects. Ideology-induced policies are prevalent …

reform in China that was rolled out between 2004 and 2010 with the explicit intention of shaping youths' ideology. To measure …

protection policies depends on socio-cultural factors and political ideology. Unlike most related studies for other countries, we …, we find that some of the respondents' psychological traits are not filtered through their political ideology but directly …